<h1 class="page-title" style="text-align: center;">TESOL®- Introduction to Teaching a Second Language</h1>
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Second Language Teaching is not a new phenomenon. Linguists believe second language acquisition started over 5000 years ago. Joining this profession will guarantee more than one's fair share of challenges, growth, joy and fulfillment. Challenges await at every turn of this profession. Language teaching disciplines have recently, begun to solve some of the perplexing questions about how people can successfully learn a second/foreign language. The joy of teaching lies in the vicarious pleasure of witnessing students’ attainment of broader vistas of linguistic proficiency and in experiencing the communication bond that has been instrumental in creating a classroom. Ultimately, few professions can offer the fulfillment of knowing that one's work can make a difference in communications that transcends national borders and interests.

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<h3 style="text-align: center;"><strong>Second and Foreign Language Contexts</strong></h3>
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<h4>ESL or EFL? The second language learning context is when the classroom's target language is readily available out there. Teaching English in Canada clearly falls into this category. The foreign language context is when students do not have ready-made contexts for communication beyond their classroom. They may be obtainable through language clubs, social media, and other online sources.  Teaching English in Japan or Morocco is a context of English as a foreign language as Teaching Arabic in Canada is a context of Arabic as a foreign language.</h4>
<h4>The pedagogical implications for the two contexts of teaching are very significant. In an ESL situation, students have a tremendous advantage. They have an instant “laboratory” available 24 /7.</h4>
<h1 style="text-align: center;">Teaching beginner language students</h1>
<h2><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Why Is Teaching Beginners So Rewarding?</span></h2>
<h3><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Everything is new</span></h3>
<h4 align="left"><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">It does not matter if your class of beginners is made up of adults or kids, there will be a world of new material that you will be sharing with them.</span><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true"> From moving their mouths around strange sounds to learning how to say “hello,” beginning students are often like sponges, and the new language you are teaching them will become a great point of interest.</span></h4>
<h3><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Progress is more easily seen</span></h3>
<h4 align="left"><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Further along in language study,</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">student frustration can arise</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">because they cannot readily see their progress.</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">This is not the case with beginning students!</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">From the first day, when they learn to greet one another in their new language, through the weeks that follow, each class will offer them a milestone that they can easily mark and see.</span></h4>
<h3><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Motivation is high</span></h3>
<h4 align="left"><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Think about how excited you were when you took your first language class.</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">You were probably excited to meet new people who shared the same goals as you, that is, learning to communicate in a new language.</span></h4>
<h4 align="left"><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">For adults, the motivation may come from their desire to start feeling more secure when travelling or finally getting that promotion the second language offers them.</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Younger students will be motivated to take part mainly because, in general, kids love to learn new things.</span></h4>
<h2><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Types of Tips for Beginning Learners</span></h2>
<h4 align="left"><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Here we are going to discuss three main types of tips that will help you out when getting ready to enter a classroom full of beginning students.</span></h4>
<h3><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Organization tips</span></h3>
<h4 align="left"><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">The organization is very important in any language class.</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">It supports the teacher’s authority in the subject area and makes the students comfortable knowing what is expected of them in each class.</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">The organization is not just about class planning, though.</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">It includes how your class will be set up, where the students will be sitting, how you interact with them and how they interact with each other.</span></h4>
<h3><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Presentation tips</span></h3>
<h4 align="left"><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">As a teacher in a beginners’ language class, a lot of your work will involve informing students by sharing information.</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">New vocabulary, verb conjugations, ways to write the language, presenting all this info can seem a stressful task, especially if you do not know how to speak their native language.</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">These tips will give you some ideas on how to make your presentations both effective and fun.</span></h4>
<h3><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Evaluation tips</span></h3>
<h4 align="left"><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Even though beginners can more readily see their advances in the new language, it is important to keep and show records of your evaluations of their progress.</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">These tips will give you some ideas on how to visually remind your students how well they are doing in their new language.</span></h4>
<h1 align="left"><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Begin at the Beginning: 10 Tips for Teaching Any Language </span></h1>
<h2><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Organizational Tips</span></h2>
<h3><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">1.</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Structure your class into small sections</span></h3>
<h4 align="left"><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">When you structure your class, you give your beginning students something to lean on when things get rough.</span> They will know what to expect each time they enter the classroom and will feel comfortable with the challenging learning tasks ahead of them.</h4>
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<h4 align="left"><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">When structuring your class, you should do so in increments of time spent on each activity.</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Not a lot of people would enjoy sitting through an hour-long grammar lecture every time they enter class.</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">By creating a varied structure you keep the students on their toes and anticipating the next section.</span></h4>
<h4><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">A very basic structure for your class might include:</span></h4>
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<h4><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">greetings and getting settled in (5 minutes)</span></h4>
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<h4><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">warm-up activities for voice and body (10 minutes)</span></h4>
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<h4><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">presentation of the day’s theme and exercise (10 minutes)</span></h4>
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<h4><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">doing the day’s exercise (20 minutes)</span></h4>
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<h4><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">evaluation of the work done in class (10 minutes)</span></h4>
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<h4><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">homework</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">and goodbyes (5 minutes)</span></h4>
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<h4 align="left"><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Part of any new language will be learning its structure.</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Even beginners will need to get a handle on a number of structures to be able to move ahead.</span><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true"> When you look at the structure of the language you are teaching, you will find the additional, practical structure you can put into your class.</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Doing this reinforces just what you want your beginners to learn without lecturing them on it.</span></h4>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">2.</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Always follow the basic structure</span></h3>
<h4 style="text-align: left;" align="left"><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Once you have established (and explained!)</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">your class structure, follow that structure each and every class period.</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">From time to time you can totally part from your structure; however, there are several reasons why a strictly structured class is advantageous.</span></h4>
<h4 style="text-align: left;"><strong><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Planning:</span></strong> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">When planning your class, for example, you need only think of material to fill in short segments.</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">It is so much easier to plan for a five-minute warm-up exercise than it is to plan a 25-minute explanation of a grammar point.</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">An active exercise section gets the students doing a lot of the work themselves, leaving you free to observe for later evaluation.</span></h4>
<h4 style="text-align: left;"><strong><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Behaviour:</span></strong> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Students will probably have better behaved if they know that something they enjoy is coming up.</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Since you’ve structured your class in small segments, there is little chance of students acting out because of boredom.</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Agile movement from segment to segment makes the time fly and does not give “trouble makers” time to make trouble.</span></h4>
<h4 style="text-align: left;"><strong><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Class time economy:</span></strong> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Finally, if you and your students know that these minutes are dedicated to this activity which is followed by another related but different activity, time is more economically spent in the classroom.</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Students will not have much time to dwell on what was difficult in the warm-up because you will be moving right along to explaining the main language activity of the day.</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">You also avoid getting caught up in lengthy explanations, since you will be wanting to get the actual exercise underway and give your students a chance to practice in front of you.</span></h4>
<h3 style="text-align: left;"><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">3.</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Include quizzes and games in the structure</span></h3>
<h4 style="text-align: left;" align="left"><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">When you are structuring your class, make sure you include both quizzes and</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">games</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">regularly.</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">If you make sure the students know that every two weeks there will be a quiz, there will not be as many groans when you present it.</span></h4>
<h4 style="text-align: left;" align="left"><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Games are a very important activity in the language classroom.</span></h4>
<h4><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Although they may be useful as rewards, if you regularly schedule games into your structure, your students will find your classes entertaining and motivating.</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">This helps foster a positive learning attitude among your beginning students.</span></h4>
<h3><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">4.</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Experiment with alternative classroom setups</span></h3>
<h4 align="left"><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Rows of desks, students looking at the back of the head of the one in front of them, a big table with students sitting around, all looking at the teacher, these are common classroom setups.</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">If you have the flexibility where you teach, try</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">regrouping your students</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">into patterns they don’t expect.</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">For example:</span></h4>
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<h4><strong><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">The semi-circle:</span></strong> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Push all the desks and tables against the walls and put the seats in a semi-circle, leaving a big space in the middle for students to stand in when doing warm-ups or pair-work.</span></h4>
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<h4><strong><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Face-to-face:</span></strong> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">When pairing up your students, get the tables out of the way and have them sit in their chairs facing their partners, randomly scattered around the room.</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Make sure to leave room between pairs so you can move around and listen in on their practice.</span></h4>
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<h4><strong><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Back-to-back:</span></strong> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Useful when practicing telephone speech, this setup tends to make students listen more to what is being said by their partner.</span></h4>
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<h2><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Presentation Tips</span></h2>
<h3><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">5.</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Learn to draw</span></h3>
<h4 align="left"><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">You’re going to have to explain a lot of things to your students.</span></h4>
<h4 align="left"><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">One of the easiest tools for explaining vocabulary, verbs, even many adjectives, is drawing.</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">You don’t know how to draw?</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Spend a bit of time learning the basics of shape drawing so that when you have to teach words like “cow” or “ugly” you can quickly sketch something for your students to see.</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">This method of presentation is also a great introduction to “Pictionary” activities during game time.</span></h4>
<h3><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">6.</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Use scripted role plays</span></h3>
<h4 align="left"><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Don’t be afraid to give your beginners</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">scripted role-plays</span><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">.</span></h4>
<h4 align="left"><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">A lot of language at the beginning stage involves using basic and familiar patterns.</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">By giving your beginners a script to follow, students don’t have to think about</span> <em><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">what</span></em> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">they need to say, they just practice the everyday language.</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Some useful situations would include:</span></h4>
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<h4><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Ordering in a fast-food restaurant</span></h4>
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<h4><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Buying a train ticket</span></h4>
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<h4><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Sending a package by post</span></h4>
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<h4><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Asking for directions on the street</span></h4>
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<h4><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Getting a phone number from information</span></h4>
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<h3><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">7.</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Use song, video and games instead of lectures</span></h3>
<h4 align="left"><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Students of all ages will enjoy the break a song will bring to class.</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Songs let you do cloze exercises with the lyrics, sing-alongs and kareoke are fun activities.</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Just make sure the songs are somehow related to the language point you are practicing.</span></h4>
<h4 align="left"><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Videos, like those found in</span> this course<strong><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">,</span></strong> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">are excellent ways to help your students see language in action.</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Any video you show should be short, sweet and full of language.</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Realistic dialogues in films are best and, the shorter they are, the better they are assimilated and can be used for future practice.</span></h4>
<h4 align="left"><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Again, if you were to ask your beginners to choose between a lecture on frequency adverbs and a game that lets them play with them, which do you think they will enjoy more?</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">I bet the vote will be on the “game” side.</span><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true"> Don’t hesitate to use a game to get a point across, they will often stick in student’s memories (and be more easily understood!)</span><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">than 20 minutes of you talking and making graphs on the board.</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">You will enjoy them as well.</span></h4>
<h1><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Evaluation Tips</span></h1>
<h3><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">8.</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Use student passports to record daily achievements</span></h3>
<h4 align="left"><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">A student “passport” is simply a small notebook that looks like a passport.</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Templates</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">can be found online, or you can custom-make one that best suits your teaching style.</span></h4>
<h4 align="left"><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">You will record their achievements in class in these little notebooks, with notes, quiz grades, gold stars.</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">They are also great to handle discipline with younger students!</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Make sure to include a space for parents to initial when they have seen the latest teacher’s note, be it good or bad!</span></h4>
<h3><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">9.</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Only quiz on practiced material</span></h3>
<h4 align="left"><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Quizzes should always cover recent material that you have covered.</span><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true"> Avoid pop quizzes and trick questions: You want to know if your students have been paying attention and if they are catching on to what you are teaching.</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Keep quizzes short (no more than ten questions) and easy to grade.</span></h4>
<h4 align="left"><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">When you have given a quiz, note the result on the “quiz page” in each student’s passport.</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Or you can hang a star poster on the wall where students can see their progress and improvement.</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Tests can be hard, but quizzes should be easy.</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Getting a good “grade” on a quiz should be no problem for most beginners, and accumulating those grades is a wonderful motivation for drilling forward.</span></h4>
<h3><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">10.</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Reward students often and equally</span></h3>
<h4 align="left"><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Almost everyone likes to be told that they have done a good job.</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">You should get into the habit of motivating your students with</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">praise and rewards</span><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">. Sometimes simply saying “good work” can make the difference between a beginner being motivated or becoming frustrated.</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Stars and stickers are visible rewards.</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Special game sessions can break the habit of your regular structure.</span></h4>
<h4 align="left"><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Celebrate a target language holiday by bringing in a tray of goodies that are often shared on that day, for example, candies for Halloween, dried fruit for Ramadan,</span> <em><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">turrón</span></em> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">for Christmas.</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Make sure that your beginners know that you think that they are moving forward and improving and make sure to spread that good feeling to all of your students frequently and equally.</span></h4>
<h4 align="left"><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Teaching a group of beginners can seem like a stressful task, but the truth is, you will find your experience with a beginner language class a more manageable challenge if you are structured, prepared and weave fun throughout the experience with them.</span> <span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">Remember that you will present them with their first step on the journey of learning that new language.</span></h4>
<h4 align="left"><span class="blast mmt-sentence" aria-hidden="true">A big responsibility is yours to keep them interested in the task, but it is a responsibility that comes with ample rewards for both your students and yourself.</span></h4>
https://youtu.be/_UiC2_UZlts

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